The Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation spectroscopy analysis of the bio-oil revealed that it contained ester functional groups. Characterization of the extracted bio-oil revealed a density of 0.9 g mL⁻¹, kinematic viscosity of 18.6 cSt at 40 ☌, and higher heating value of 29.5 MJ kg⁻¹. The optimum bio-oil yield was found to be 42% at optimum conditions of 10:1 HB ratio, 25 min extraction time and 50 μm resonance amplitude. Optimization of bio-oil yield was done through central composite design of the response surface methodology. The effects of n-hexane to biomass (HB) ratio, extraction time, and resonance amplitude on bio-oil yield were investigated. communis seeds was done through ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction.

In this study, non-edible Ricinus communis seeds were utilized in the production of bio-based fuel to support the crusade for the use of renewable energy. This justifies the need for non-edible oilseeds that can be used as sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. The fuel properties of the methyl esters and their blends with diesel were estimated as per ASTM D6751 biodiesel standards.Īs the world confronts a surging price of fuel along with various environmental issues, researchers around the globe are scrambling to identify and develop potential biofuel feedstocks that fall outside the “food or fuel dilemma”. According to fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of the oils samples, WCO, CO and RSO are suitable for substituting edible feedstock to make biodiesel production sustainable. The dynamic viscosities of the samples were found to be dependent on fatty acids chain length, unsaturation and temperature. At 40☌, the kinematic viscosity values of RSOME (3.81 mm²/s) and WCOME (3.36 mm²/s) were lower than the value of COME (10.59 mm²/s). The dynamic viscosity of RSO (25.58 mPa.s) was less than that of WCO (49.91 mPa.s) and CO (338.08 mPa.s).

However, WCO, CO and their methyl esters showed a slight deviation from Newtonian behaviour between shear rate intervals of 5–100 s–1. The viscosity values of the chemically modified oil samples (via transesterification) were found to be lower than the original oil samples. The viscosity behaviour of oils (WCO, CO and RSO), methyl esters (WCOME, COME and RSOME) and their blends with diesel fuel showed Newtonian nature in the temperature range of 25–80 ☌. Power law model was used to study the flow behaviour of all the samples. Similarly, rheological behaviour of WCO, CO and RSO based methyl esters (WCOME, COME, ROSME) and its blends (5, 10, and 15 vol%) with diesel fuel were also studied. Rheological properties of samples were measured in the range of 25–80☌ temperature and 5–300 s–1 shear rate. In this work, physicochemical properties and rheological behaviour of waste cooking oil (WCO), castor oil (CO), rubber seed oil (RSO) and their methyl esters (ME), as well as ME blends (5, 10 and 15 vol%) with diesel fuel were investigated. Oil obtained from microalgae showed a lower friction coefficient than oils obtained from yeasts and thraustochytrids. T66 0.96%, 0.08%, respectively) supporting their use as renewable and biodegradable alternatives to traditional mineral oil-based lubricants. curvatus) possess excellent physicochemical and tribological qualities due to high amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid C18:1 content, 56.38%, 58.82%, 46.67%, 38.81%) than those from oleaginous thraustochytrids (A. T66), and yeast strains (Rhodosporidium toruloides and Cryptococcus curvatus) synthesized 64.5%, 35.15%, 47.89%, 47.93%, 56.42%, and 52.66% of lipid content, respectively. Oleaginous microalgal strains (Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Chlorella sorokiniana), thraustochytrids strains (Aurantiochytrium limacinum SR21 and Aurantiochytrium sp. In this study, oils obtained from various oleagenic microbes-such as microalgae, thraustochytrids, and yeasts-were characterized in terms of their fatty acid profile, viscosity, friction coefficient, wear, and thermal stability. To ensure their widespread applicability, the suitability of microbial oils from a physicochemical point of view needs to be determined first. Microbial oils represent a more sustainable alternative. However, vegetable oils have issues of low lipid productivity, dependence on climatic conditions, and need for agricultural land. Vegetable oils are frequently used for this purpose. Their applications are still limited compared to mineral oils however, their sustainable credentials are making them increasingly attractive. Biolubricants refer to eco-friendly, biodegradable, and non-toxic lubricants.

Soxhlet extractor